Which chemical can cause stunted growth and development?

Lead is known for its detrimental effects on growth and development, particularly in children. Exposure to lead can occur through various environmental sources, such as lead paint, contaminated soil, and plumbing systems using lead pipes. Once ingested or inhaled, lead interferes with multiple biological processes, including neurotransmitter release and the synthesis of hemoglobin, which can lead to both cognitive and physical impairments.

Developmentally, lead exposure has been linked to stunted growth, lower IQ levels, and various behavioral issues. As a neurotoxin, it can affect brain development, resulting in long-term consequences for academic performance and social interactions. This impact on physical and cognitive development underscores the significant health risks associated with lead exposure, making it a critical concern for both public health and educational systems.

Other substances listed, while they may have harmful effects, do not specifically target growth and developmental processes to the same degree as lead does.